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Citizenship and Subject-Hood in 20th Century Australia
From: From Subjects to Citizens
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Australians were "subjects" before they were citizens. For almost the first fifty years after the Federation of the Australian colonies in 1901, they were – at least in law – exclusively British subjects. Following the passage of the Nationality and Citizenship Act which took effect on Australia Day, 26 January 1949, there existed for the first time a legal category of Australian citizen, although not an exclusive one.