Chapter Six

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From: The 51st State Votes

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In this chapter, Ling traces the Canada–United States relationship from the War of 1812 to the 2025 federal election, examining how Donald Trump’s tariff threats and rhetoric about absorbing Canada as a "fifty-first state" shaped the campaign.

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Contributors

Justin Ling

A Montreal-based freelance journalist, Justin Ling writes the Buy-eyed and Shameless blog and is the author of Missing from the Village: The Story of Serial Killer Bruce McArthur, the Search for Justice, and the System That Failed Toronto’s Queer Community.