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ISBN: 9780776604572-02

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Before the Trial

From: The Origins of Simultaneous Interpretation

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This chapter explores the path leading to the invention of simultaneous interpretation, the decision to use it and its installation in the courtroom. It provides a brief historical description of the Nuremberg Trial and an overview of the interpreting profession before 1945.

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Francesca Gaiba

Francesca Gaiba, Ph.D., is an associate professor in Medical Social Sciences and the associate director of the Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health at Northwestern University. Dr. Gaiba earned her undergraduate degree in 1996 at University of Bologna, Italy. In 1997 she received the A. Schiavi Foundation Award for her research on interpretation at the Nuremberg Trial and her book, The Origins of Simultaneous Interpretation: The Nuremberg Trial was published a year later by the University of Ottawa Press. The book was translated into Japanese and published in Japan by Misuku Shobo Ltd. in 2013. In 2007, she received her PhD in Anthropology from Syracuse University with a dissertation that examined boundary control and maintenance within friendships between straight women and gay men. From 2007 to 2009, Dr. Gaiba was the Associate Director of UIC’s Office of Social Science Research, where she developed a successful grant support and administration program. From 2010 to 2015, Dr. Gaiba managed the UIC Institute for Research on Race and Public Policy, focusing on program development and implementation, grant support and management, and high level institute administration. She is a Certified Pre-Award Research Administrator (CPRA). Dr. Gaiba brings a commitment to racial and LGBT justice and their intersections to her scholarship and academic work.